The cameras are meant to acquire the description of the scene in visual terms. We will not be addressing other descriptors, such as audio or other sensory signals, but only the visual side of it. So the visual information is what will be acquired, and for that we will have a suit of cameras at the scene which will be acquiring information about the scene in various ways.
Traditionally these cameras have four attributes that make them good or bad, meaning they represent strengths and weaknesses at the same time, where if the camera does well in anyone of them it may not be doing equally well in others.
First, the dynamic range attribute refers to the camera's ability to capture the entire brightness present in the scene. So if you look here the scene has a very large range of brightness. There is the background far behind the tree, which is very bright. At the same time the tree leaves and the tree branches are not getting any of light to be seen in detail where, when the camera is at the same time also trying to get information about the brightness in the far region.
Now, most cameras that we are familiar with have the property that they cannot simultaneously get detail in this entire range of brightness. And therefore usually we would like to arrange the scene to be seized at, that it is either very bright or very dark, and we adjust as uniformly bright or dark, or not to the range of brightness values is not too broad and, once we know what range, it is we can adjust our camera parameters so that it is more sensitive to that range.
So when the range is too large like here, then the camera does not capture the detail on either end. In fact, it really captures the entire range badly. In summary, this feature refers to the small breadth of sensitivity range that the camera has, and in practice that sensitivity range has to be tuned to one particular interval on the scene brightness range, only that interval is captured well. The rest is either clipped at the bottom or at the top under exaggerated exposure or over exaggerated exposure.
This is one attribute in which cameras need to be performing well, namely regardeless of the brightness range of the scene. The ideal thing would be for them to capture the scene brightness to provide an image such that we do not loose any of the details.