So the strategy should be to look at the problem from a cause effect analysis point of view instead of effect-causes. The considerations may be oriented around the following aspects. Logical transformation of inputs to system/sub-systems or communication paths. A rigorous assessment has to be made on the testability aspects. Design for testability, built-in test features, deploying error correction methods is to be employed. Error correction codes and self checking circuits are also used. Cold and hot standby systems are employed for redundancy.

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